TÜRKAN, A. Multidimensional Relations Between Sultan ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd II and Pope Leo XIII and the Reflections of These Relations in the Ottoman Empire and Rome. Ilahiyat Studies, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 319–350, 2023. DOI: 10.12730/is.1226073. Disponível em: https://ilahiyatstudies.org/journal/article/view/1087. Acesso em: 22 apr. 2026.